{ "meta": { "title": "India Economic Indicators 2014-2030", "author": "Dr. Varna Sri Raman", "updated": "2026-06-17", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "notes": "Series are annual unless stated. Observed values run through 2026 and reflect the latest official release available as of June 2026 (Economic Survey 2025-26, PLFS Monthly Bulletin Mar 2026, Union Budget 2026-27, RBI Annual Report 2025-26, WIR 2026). Values for 2027 onward in the 'economic' block are simple continuations and flagged with '*'. The 'forecast' block drives the Economic Trajectory tab: these are scenario projections to 2030, NOT predictions — every assumption is a choice and is documented. Primer datasets (bigPicture, taxTake, spendSplit, stateReturns, realInflation, external, distribution, structure, chinaDivergence, jobsLesson) are drawn from the 'Reading the Indian Economy' citizen primer (16 June 2026)." }, "sources": { "gdpGrowth": "MOSPI First Advance Estimates of National Income 2025-26 + Economic Survey 2025-26 (2011-12 base)", "unemployment": "PLFS Annual Report 2024-25 + PLFS Monthly Bulletin (Mar 2026), Usual Status", "youthUnemployment": "PLFS Annual + ILOSTAT youth (15-29) series", "graduateUnemployment": "PLFS unit-level tabulation (graduate degree holders)", "top1Share": "World Inequality Database (WID.world) India series; WIR 2026", "bottom50Share": "World Inequality Database (WID.world) India series; WIR 2026", "formalEmployment": "PLFS workers with social security cover; EPFO net additions cross-check", "informalEmployment": "100 - formalEmployment by construction", "pressFreedom": "Reporters Without Borders, World Press Freedom Index (annual)", "fiscalDeficit": "Union Budget documents; central government fiscal deficit as % of GDP (FY ending)", "cpiInflation": "MoSPI CPI (Combined) annual average; RBI target band 2-6%", "rupeeUSD": "RBI reference rates, annual average INR per USD", "ssi": "Constructed: SSI = sum(severity * salience) / n; see data/METHODOLOGY.md", "fci": "Constructed: 5-component centralization index; see data/METHODOLOGY.md", "dqi": "Constructed: geometric mean of V-Dem * Freedom House * RSF (normalised); see data/METHODOLOGY.md", "gigWorkers": "NITI Aayog 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy' + Code on Social Security 2020 estimates", "ruralIncome": "NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey, indexed (2014=100)", "femaleLFPR": "PLFS, Usual Status (ps+ss), women 15+", "international": "V-Dem v15 (2026 release) + RSF 2026", "primer": "Reading the Indian Economy: A Citizen's Primer (Varna Sri Raman, 16 June 2026). Figures latest available as of June 2026; several provisional, estimated, or illustrative as noted." }, "economic": { "years": [2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027], "yearLabels": ["2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026","2027*"], "gdpGrowth": [7.4, 8.0, 8.2, 7.2, 6.1, 4.2, -7.3, 8.7, 7.2, 7.6, 7.8, 6.5, 7.4, 6.8], "unemployment": [4.9, 5.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.1, 5.8, 7.1, 4.2, 4.1, 3.2, 3.2, 3.1, 5.1, 5.0], "youthUnemployment": [13.5, 13.8, 14.2, 15.6, 16.1, 14.8, 17.8, 13.2, 12.9, 12.9, 12.8, 12.5, 12.3, 12.1], "graduateUnemployment":[18.5, 19.2, 21.0, 23.5, 25.0, 23.0, 31.0, 25.0, 22.0, 29.1, 28.5, 27.0, 26.5, 26.0], "top1Share": [21.3, 21.7, 21.5, 21.5, 21.7, 22.1, 22.3, 22.5, 22.6, 22.6, 22.6, 22.8, 23.0, 23.1], "bottom50Share": [15.0, 14.7, 14.9, 14.9, 14.7, 13.5, 13.3, 13.1, 13.1, 13.1, 13.1, 13.0, 12.9, 12.8], "formalEmployment": [13.0, 12.8, 12.5, 12.2, 11.9, 11.6, 11.4, 11.5, 11.3, 11.2, 11.2, 11.0, 10.9, 10.8], "informalEmployment": [87.0, 87.2, 87.5, 87.8, 88.1, 88.4, 88.6, 88.5, 88.7, 88.8, 88.8, 89.0, 89.1, 89.2], "pressFreedom": [140, 136, 133, 136, 138, 140, 142, 142, 150, 161, 159, 151, 157, 158], "fiscalDeficit": [4.1, 3.9, 3.5, 3.5, 3.4, 4.6, 9.2, 6.7, 6.4, 5.6, 4.8, 4.4, 4.4, 4.3], "cpiInflation": [6.7, 4.9, 4.5, 3.6, 3.4, 4.8, 6.2, 5.5, 6.7, 5.4, 4.6, 4.0, 3.9, 4.2], "rupeeUSD": [61, 64, 67, 65, 68, 70, 74, 74, 79, 82, 84, 87, 95, 96], "ssi": [2.3, 2.5, 2.4, 2.4, 2.6, 4.8, 7.2, 6.8, 7.0, 7.5, 7.8, 8.0, 8.2, 8.3], "fci": [0.62, 0.64, 0.66, 0.68, 0.70, 0.72, 0.84, 0.78, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81], "dqi": [0.71, 0.70, 0.68, 0.65, 0.60, 0.55, 0.48, 0.45, 0.43, 0.42, 0.42, 0.41, 0.40, 0.39], "gigWorkers": [0.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.5, 3.2, 4.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.8, 7.3, 7.7, 8.2, 8.8, 9.4], "ruralIncome": [100, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 97, 97, 97], "femaleLFPR": [22.5, 22.0, 21.8, 21.5, 21.2, 21.0, 20.8, 20.5, 20.3, 20.5, 20.8, 20.9, 21.0, 21.1] }, "international": { "countries": ["India", "Brazil", "Turkey", "Hungary", "South Africa"], "vdem2014": [0.71, 0.85, 0.52, 0.63, 0.75], "vdem2026": [0.26, 0.69, 0.18, 0.41, 0.70], "press2014": [140, 99, 154, 64, 42], "press2026": [157, 80, 159, 70, 38] }, "regimes": { "upa": { "label": "UPA", "fullName": "United Progressive Alliance", "start": 2004, "end": 2014 }, "nda": { "label": "NDA", "fullName": "National Democratic Alliance", "start": 2014, "end": 2026 } }, "projection": { "startYear": 2027, "method": "Held constant or extended via simple linear trend of last 3 years; clearly flagged with '*' in labels and dashed lines in charts. NOT observed data." }, "forecast": { "horizonYear": 2030, "baseYear": 2026, "disclaimer": "These are scenario projections, not predictions. Each path extends the recent trend of an observed series and then applies an explicit annual adjustment for one of three scenarios. Uncertainty bands widen with the horizon because the further out you look, the more the assumption — not the economy — decides the number. Read every projection by asking: whose assumption is this, and what would break it?", "scenarios": { "reform": { "label": "Reform push", "desc": "Statistical independence restored, garment/labour-intensive manufacturing prioritised, fiscal federalism rebalanced, formalisation incentives." }, "baseline": { "label": "Current trajectory", "desc": "Recent-trend continuation: policy mix and institutional direction of 2019-2026 persist." }, "stress": { "label": "Stress", "desc": "External shock (oil/rupee), weak monsoon, continued informalisation and statistical opacity." } }, "indicators": [ { "key": "gdpGrowth", "label": "GDP growth", "unit": "%", "goodHigh": true, "trendYears": 5, "reform": 0.55, "stress": -1.6, "uncertainty": 1.1, "min": -10, "max": 12, "decimals": 1, "drivers": "Post-COVID base-effect rebounds are fading; the level itself is contested after the 2015 MCA21 revision.", "breaks": "An external oil/rupee shock, a weak monsoon, or investment that keeps growing output without jobs or consumption." }, { "key": "formalEmployment", "label": "Formal employment share", "unit": "%", "goodHigh": true, "trendYears": 6, "reform": 0.65, "stress": -0.35, "uncertainty": 0.6, "min": 6, "max": 25, "decimals": 1, "drivers": "Twelve straight years of informalisation; capital-intensive PLI adds output, not payroll.", "breaks": "A pivot to labour-intensive manufacturing (garments) or enforced EPF/ESI formalisation would reverse it." }, { "key": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "unit": "%", "goodHigh": false, "trendYears": 4, "reform": -0.5, "stress": 1.2, "uncertainty": 0.9, "min": 0, "max": 15, "decimals": 1, "drivers": "The headline is held low by self-employment and discouraged workers; graduate joblessness runs ~26%.", "breaks": "A genuine youth-jobs push pulls it down; a hiring freeze in a stress year pushes it up." }, { "key": "top1Share", "label": "Top 1% income share", "unit": "%", "goodHigh": false, "trendYears": 6, "reform": -0.5, "stress": 0.4, "uncertainty": 0.7, "min": 10, "max": 30, "decimals": 1, "drivers": "Inequality has risen every decade since 1981; the 2019 corporate tax cut widened it further.", "breaks": "A redesigned wealth tax or progressive shift; absent that, concentration keeps climbing." }, { "key": "cpiInflation", "label": "CPI inflation", "unit": "%", "goodHigh": false, "trendYears": 5, "reform": -0.3, "stress": 2.2, "uncertainty": 1.0, "min": 0, "max": 14, "decimals": 1, "drivers": "Food is ~half the CPI basket and ~50% of farmland is rainfed, so inflation tracks the monsoon.", "breaks": "A deficient monsoon or an oil spike pushes CPI above the RBI's 6% ceiling." }, { "key": "fiscalDeficit", "label": "Fiscal deficit", "unit": "% GDP","goodHigh": false, "trendYears": 5, "reform": -0.3, "stress": 1.3, "uncertainty": 0.7, "min": 0, "max": 12, "decimals": 1, "drivers": "Consolidation leans on a record RBI dividend and off-budget borrowing.", "breaks": "A growth slowdown, a smaller RBI surplus, or new cash-transfer commitments widen it." }, { "key": "rupeeUSD", "label": "Rupee (INR per USD)", "unit": "₹/$", "goodHigh": false, "trendYears": 6, "reform": -2, "stress": 9, "uncertainty": 4.5, "min": 50, "max": 130, "decimals": 0, "drivers": "A $333bn goods deficit is offset by services; FPI outflows and a $123bn oil bill pressure the rupee.", "breaks": "An oil shock or sustained FPI exit accelerates depreciation; reserves can only slow it." }, { "key": "dqi", "label": "Democratic Quality Index", "unit": "", "goodHigh": true, "trendYears": 6, "reform": 0.04, "stress": -0.03, "uncertainty": 0.04, "min": 0, "max": 1, "decimals": 2, "drivers": "Geometric mean of V-Dem, Freedom House and RSF — all trending down since 2014.", "breaks": "Restored statistical and press independence would lift it; continued pressure pushes it lower." } ] }, "bigPicture": { "note": "India in five numbers (Economic Survey 2025-26; IMF WEO; NSO). Large in total, modest per person.", "items": [ { "value": "~$4.0 tn", "label": "Size of economy", "sub": "4th largest nominal GDP" }, { "value": "~$2,900", "label": "Per person", "sub": "~109th in the world" }, { "value": "1.46 bn", "label": "People", "sub": "most populous nation" }, { "value": "7.4%", "label": "Real growth FY26", "sub": "Economic Survey estimate" }, { "value": "11.2%", "label": "Tax-to-GDP", "sub": "OECD average ~34%" } ] }, "chinaDivergence": { "note": "Nominal USD per capita. In 1991 both countries were near $330. Approximate. World Bank national accounts; IMF WEO.", "years": [1991, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2026], "india": [330, 460, 1350, 1910, 2900], "china": [330, 960, 4550, 10500, 13000] }, "taxTake": { "note": "For every ₹100 the Union government collects (Union Budget 2026-27, Budget at a Glance; approximate, rounded). 'shared' flags revenue shared with states via the Finance Commission formula.", "items": [ { "label": "Borrowings", "value": 24, "sub": "not earned — borrowed", "shared": false }, { "label": "Individual income tax", "value": 19, "sub": "salaried & professional", "shared": true }, { "label": "GST (indirect)", "value": 18, "sub": "falls on everyone equally", "shared": true }, { "label": "Corporation tax", "value": 17, "sub": "cut 30%→22% in 2019", "shared": true }, { "label": "Excise + customs", "value": 9, "sub": "fuel, imports; much via cess", "shared": false }, { "label": "Non-tax revenue", "value": 9, "sub": "RBI dividend, fees, tolls", "shared": false }, { "label": "Other receipts", "value": 4, "sub": "capital, disinvestment", "shared": false } ] }, "spendSplit": { "note": "For every ₹100 the Union government spends (Union Budget 2026-27, Budget at a Glance; approximate). Interest + states' share take 42 paise before a single scheme is funded.", "items": [ { "label": "Capital expenditure", "value": 22, "sub": "roads, railways, ports" }, { "label": "States' share of taxes", "value": 22, "sub": "devolution to states" }, { "label": "Interest payments", "value": 20, "sub": "cost of past borrowing" }, { "label": "Other", "value": 14, "sub": "salaries, other grants" }, { "label": "Welfare", "value": 11, "sub": "MGNREGA, PDS, schemes" }, { "label": "Defence", "value": 11, "sub": "armed forces" } ] }, "stateReturns": { "note": "Approximate return per ₹100 of taxes paid to the Union, by state (Finance Commission devolution; Praveen Chakravarty / AIPC). Direction is the point; exact ratios vary by year. Rich states finance poorer states — that is the design.", "items": [ { "state": "Maharashtra", "ret": 30 }, { "state": "Gujarat", "ret": 50 }, { "state": "Karnataka", "ret": 60 }, { "state": "Tamil Nadu", "ret": 60 }, { "state": "West Bengal", "ret": 120 }, { "state": "Uttar Pradesh", "ret": 200 }, { "state": "Madhya Pradesh", "ret": 244 }, { "state": "Bihar", "ret": 510 } ] }, "realInflation": { "note": "Your real inflation index: everyday prices over roughly a decade vs the ~3.9% headline CPI. Thali prices: Praveen Chakravarty / AIPC; others illustrative for a mid-market urban household.", "headlineCPI": 3.9, "items": [ { "item": "Basic thali", "then": 19, "now": 28.5, "unit": "₹" }, { "item": "Auto-rickshaw min. fare","then": 25, "now": 50, "unit": "₹" }, { "item": "Daily family meals", "then": 200, "now": 300, "unit": "₹/day" }, { "item": "School fees (mid-market)","then": 30000, "now": 70000, "unit": "₹/yr" } ] }, "external": { "note": "External sector FY26 (RBI Balance of Payments & Annual Report 2025-26; DGCI&S; IMF WEO 2026). Goods in deficit, services to the rescue.", "goodsDeficitBn": -333, "servicesSurplusBn": 190, "cadPctGDP": 1.0, "reservesBn": 691, "importCoverMonths": 11, "rupeeRecordLow": 95.2, "goldImportsBn": 72, "crudeImportsBn": 123, "crudeImportDependence": 86, "fpiOutflowBn": -16.5 }, "distribution": { "note": "Monthly income and where it places you (WIR 2022/2026; HCES 2022-23; PLFS; NCAER). Thresholds approximate. The salaried, tax-paying middle is ~80-120 million, not the 300-400 million quoted by market research.", "thresholds": [ { "income": 5000, "label": "Bottom 20-25%", "sub": "below rural minimum wage in most states" }, { "income": 10000, "label": "~40th percentile", "sub": "below urban poverty-adjacent thresholds" }, { "income": 25000, "label": "~80-85th percentile", "sub": "most who consider themselves 'middle class'" }, { "income": 50000, "label": "Top 3-5%", "sub": "what marketing calls aspirational middle class" }, { "income": 100000, "label": "Top 1-2%", "sub": "what politics calls 'affluent'" } ], "bottom50AvgAnnual": 71000, "ruralMPCE": 3773, "urbanMPCE": 6459, "top10IncomeShare": 58, "top1WealthShare": 40, "bottom50WealthShare": 4 }, "structure": { "note": "The central mismatch: output here, jobs there (MoSPI/NSO GVA shares FY25; PLFS employment shares). Agriculture makes under a fifth of output but holds over two-fifths of jobs.", "sectors": [ { "sector": "Agriculture", "gva": 18, "emp": 42 }, { "sector": "Manufacturing","gva": 17, "emp": 11 }, { "sector": "Services", "gva": 53, "emp": 33 }, { "sector": "Other", "gva": 12, "emp": 14 } ] }, "jobsLesson": { "note": "Same investment, vastly different jobs (Praveen Chakravarty / AIPC; Planning Commission 2011-12; garment export-to-jobs ratio industry standard).", "electronicsCrPerJob": 1.5, "electronicsJobsLakh": 1, "garmentsJobsCrore": 3, "garmentsWomenSharePct": 70, "govJobApplicationsCrore": 22, "govJobsGivenLakh": 7.22, "govJobSuccessRate": "1 in 305" }, "indexExample": { "note": "A worked example: an index is one number summarising many prices, via a chosen basket and weights. Change the basket or the base year and the headline moves (MoSPI methodology).", "items": [ { "item": "Onions", "weight": 15, "then": 30, "now": 50 }, { "item": "Petrol", "weight": 12, "then": 90, "now": 94 }, { "item": "School fees", "weight": 8, "then": 800, "now": 1200 } ] }, "gdpRevision": { "note": "The 2015 GDP revision is still disputed (NSO/MoSPI; A. Subramanian, Harvard CID 2019; EAC-PM rebuttal June 2019).", "changes": [ "Base year shifted from 2004-05 to 2011-12.", "Manufacturing measured via the MCA21 corporate-filings database, not the production survey.", "Output valued at market prices instead of factor cost." ], "officialGrowth": 7.0, "subramanianGrowth": 4.5, "overstatePoints": 2.5 }, "taxReversal": { "note": "The tax reversal (Union Budget documents; Finance Ministry; PRS).", "corpRateBefore": 30, "corpRateAfter": 22, "yearCut": 2019, "revenueLostLakhCr": 1.45, "wealthTaxAbolished": 2015, "wealthTaxRevenueCr": 1000, "pikettyRate": 2, "pikettyThresholdCr": 50, "taxToGDP": 11.2, "oecdAvg": 34 }, "budgetArithmetic": { "note": "Welfare budget shrinks twice: BE → RE → Actuals (PRS; Union Budget documents).", "mgnregaBE": 100, "mgnregaActualsLo": 78, "mgnregaActualsHi": 82, "healthTarget": 2.5, "educationTarget": 6 }, "kmut": { "note": "Tamil Nadu's KMUT cash transfer (TN Dept of Civil Supplies; KMUT data 2026).", "perMonth": 1000, "womenCoveredCrore": 1.30, "annualOutlayCr": 13000, "priorOutlayCr": 7000 }, "deficitFinancing": { "note": "How the deficit is financed (Union Budget 2026-27; RBI Annual Report 2025-26; PRS).", "deficitPctGDP": 4.3, "marketBorrowingLakhCr": 17.2, "rbiDividendLakhCr": 2.87, "interestPer100": 20 }, "delimitation": { "note": "Counting people allocates power. Projected Lok Sabha seat change after the first census post-2026 (Carnegie Endowment; ISAS; India Forum). Estimates vary.", "items": [ { "state": "Uttar Pradesh", "change": 11 }, { "state": "Bihar", "change": 10 }, { "state": "Tamil Nadu", "change": -8 }, { "state": "Kerala", "change": -8 } ], "frozenSince": 1971, "perMP1951Millions": 0.7, "perMPNowMillions": 2.5 }, "monsoonChain": { "note": "Why half of India's inflation starts in the sky (IMD; RBI; NSSO; IPCC). ~50% of cultivated area is unirrigated.", "rainfedSharePct": 50, "steps": ["Deficient monsoon", "Farm output falls", "Food prices spike", "CPI breaches 6%", "RBI raises rates", "Rural incomes squeezed"] }, "cpiBasket": { "note": "How the CPI number is built (MoSPI CPI Combined, 2012 base).", "goodsTracked": 80000, "urbanMarkets": 1114, "villages": 1181, "baseYear": 2012, "rbiTarget": 4, "foodSharePct": 46 }, "pumpPrice": { "note": "Where every rupee of the petrol price goes — about half is tax (Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell; PRS; illustrative for Delhi 2026).", "parts": [ { "label": "Crude + refining + OMC margin", "value": 55.3 }, { "label": "Central excise", "value": 19.9 }, { "label": "State VAT", "value": 15.0 }, { "label": "Dealer margin", "value": 3.8 } ], "total": 94.0, "crudeImportDependence": 86 }, "modiAsks": { "note": "When a PM asks citizens not to buy gold, the balance of payments is speaking (PM speech, Delhi 12 May 2026; IMF WEO 2026; RBI/DGCI&S).", "asks": [ "Avoid buying gold for one year", "Postpone non-essential foreign travel", "Work from home where possible", "Use public transport and carpooling", "Reduce edible-oil consumption", "Reduce chemical fertiliser use (farmers)", "Buy Swadeshi, prefer Indian-made goods" ], "numbers": [ { "label": "Gold imports FY26", "value": "$72 bn", "sub": "2nd-largest import after crude" }, { "label": "Tourist spend abroad","value": "$31.7 bn","sub": "~30 mn Indians travelled out" }, { "label": "Crude oil imports", "value": "$123 bn", "sub": "85%+ of crude imported" }, { "label": "Rupee (crisis week)", "value": "95.2/$", "sub": "record low, May 2026" } ] }, "gold": { "note": "Indians buy gold because the formal system left them no better option (World Gold Council 2024; AMFI; RBI; IRDAI; SEBI).", "privateTonnes": 25000, "stockValueTn": 1.8, "insurancePenetration": 3.2, "insuranceGlobal": 7, "excludedAdultsMn": 190, "equityParticipationPct": 3.5 }, "poverty": { "note": "Poverty is a contested number: three official lines, three answers. India has had no officially accepted poverty line since 2014.", "lines": [ { "name": "Tendulkar (2011-12)", "detail": "₹27/day rural, ₹33/day urban", "headcount": "21.9%", "status": "never updated" }, { "name": "Rangarajan (2014)", "detail": "₹30/day rural, ₹47/day urban", "headcount": "29.5%", "status": "shelved, not adopted" }, { "name": "NITI MPI (2022-23)", "detail": "multidimensional, not income", "headcount": "11.3%", "status": "current official" } ] }, "bodies": { "note": "The economy shows up in bodies and classrooms (NFHS-5 2019-21; National Health Accounts; Economic Survey).", "stuntedPct": 35, "outOfPocketPct": 40, "publicHealthPctGDP": 1.9 }, "readChecklist": { "note": "How to read any official number.", "questions": [ "Which definition is being used, and who set it?", "What does the number leave out?", "When was the underlying data collected?", "Who gains if the number looks good?", "Has the method changed?", "Did the inconvenient survey get published?", "How does it compare with independent estimates?" ] }, "measurement": { "note": "How do we know? Five places where the choice, not the economy, moved the number (NSO; HCES 2022-23; Census of India; Carnegie Endowment).", "items": [ { "title": "The GDP back-series", "body": "2015 base-year shift + MCA21 made UPA-era growth look lower and NDA-era higher. Subramanian: 2011-17 overstated ~2.5 points. Never independently reviewed." }, { "title": "The surveys that went missing", "body": "The 2017-18 consumption survey was conducted then withheld (it showed rural consumption falling). An 11-year data gap, until HCES 2022-23 — which changed methodology and is not cleanly comparable." }, { "title": "A census a decade late", "body": "Last census 2011; the 2021 census was postponed. Census 2027 budget (₹11,718 cr) approved. Welfare ran for a decade on 2011 population numbers." }, { "title": "Counting = allocating power", "body": "Seats frozen on 1971 data since 1976; the freeze ends with the first census after 2026. Populous northern states gain seats, southern states lose." } ] }, "states": { "note": "Per-capita NSDP 2023-24 at current prices (MoSPI / RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States); current Lok Sabha seats (543-seat distribution frozen on the 1971 census); 2011 Census population (crore); total fertility rate (NFHS-5, 2019-21). Compiled from public sources; per-capita estimates vary slightly by release.", "items": [ { "state": "Telangana", "region": "South", "perCapita": 356564, "seats": 17, "pop": 3.52, "tfr": 1.8 }, { "state": "Karnataka", "region": "South", "perCapita": 332926, "seats": 28, "pop": 6.11, "tfr": 1.7 }, { "state": "Haryana", "region": "North", "perCapita": 325759, "seats": 10, "pop": 2.54, "tfr": 1.9 }, { "state": "Tamil Nadu", "region": "South", "perCapita": 315220, "seats": 39, "pop": 7.21, "tfr": 1.8 }, { "state": "Gujarat", "region": "West", "perCapita": 297722, "seats": 26, "pop": 6.04, "tfr": 1.9 }, { "state": "Kerala", "region": "South", "perCapita": 281001, "seats": 20, "pop": 3.34, "tfr": 1.8 }, { "state": "Maharashtra", "region": "West", "perCapita": 263974, "seats": 48, "pop": 11.24, "tfr": 1.7 }, { "state": "Andhra Pradesh", "region": "South", "perCapita": 231553, "seats": 25, "pop": 4.94, "tfr": 1.7 }, { "state": "Punjab", "region": "North", "perCapita": 213008, "seats": 13, "pop": 2.77, "tfr": 1.6 }, { "state": "West Bengal", "region": "East", "perCapita": 160182, "seats": 42, "pop": 9.13, "tfr": 1.6 }, { "state": "Rajasthan", "region": "North", "perCapita": 141651, "seats": 25, "pop": 6.85, "tfr": 2.0 }, { "state": "Odisha", "region": "East", "perCapita": 132197, "seats": 21, "pop": 4.20, "tfr": 1.8 }, { "state": "Madhya Pradesh", "region": "North", "perCapita": 126249, "seats": 29, "pop": 7.27, "tfr": 2.0 }, { "state": "Jharkhand", "region": "North", "perCapita": 105274, "seats": 14, "pop": 3.30, "tfr": 2.3 }, { "state": "Uttar Pradesh", "region": "North", "perCapita": 93514, "seats": 80, "pop": 19.98, "tfr": 2.4 }, { "state": "Bihar", "region": "North", "perCapita": 60337, "seats": 40, "pop": 10.41, "tfr": 3.0 } ] }, "eraHistory": { "note": "UPA-decade (2004-2013) values, on the same basis as the 2014+ series so the splice is consistent. GDP growth & CPI inflation — World Bank (the same continuous World Bank series used for 2014+); fiscal deficit — Union Budget/RBI (centre, % GDP); top 1% & bottom 50% income share — WID.world (harmonised across 2004-2026); press-freedom rank — RSF. SSI, FCI and DQI before 2014 are the author's back-cast reconstruction of these constructed indices (from the documented record: survey timeliness, states' tax share/cesses, and the V-Dem/Freedom House/RSF scores) — see Methodology. Unemployment and formal/informal employment are NOT extended before 2014: no annual series on the PLFS basis exists for the UPA decade, so they are shown from 2014 only.", "years": [2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013], "gdpGrowth": [7.9, 9.3, 9.3, 7.7, 3.1, 7.9, 8.5, 5.2, 5.5, 6.4], "cpiInflation": [3.8, 4.2, 5.8, 6.4, 8.3, 10.9, 12.0, 8.9, 9.3, 10.9], "fiscalDeficit": [4.0, 4.0, 3.3, 2.5, 6.0, 6.5, 4.8, 5.9, 4.9, 4.5], "top1Share": [18.2, 18.8, 19.6, 20.1, 20.5, 20.6, 21.0, 21.3, 21.0, 21.2], "bottom50Share": [16.5, 16.3, 16.0, 15.8, 15.6, 15.5, 15.4, 15.3, 15.2, 15.1], "pressFreedom": [120, 106, 105, 120, 118, 105, 122, 131, 140, 140], "ssi": [0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2.1], "fci": [0.40, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.45, 0.47, 0.50, 0.53, 0.56, 0.59], "dqi": [0.78, 0.78, 0.77, 0.76, 0.76, 0.77, 0.76, 0.75, 0.74, 0.73] } }