The states

Income, population, representation and fiscal transfers for the sixteen largest states, which hold 90% of India's projected 2026 population and 477 of the 543 Lok Sabha seats. Select a column heading to sort by it.


Karnataka	Southern	346,737	28	6.90	2.46	1.7	4.13	.
Telangana	Southern	346,165	17	3.86	2.27	1.8	.	.
Haryana	Northern	325,759	10	3.13	3.13	1.9	.	.
Tamil Nadu	Southern	313,329	39	7.75	1.99	1.8	4.10	-8
Gujarat	Western	299,861	26	7.41	2.85	1.9	3.76	.
Maharashtra	Western	285,290	48	12.93	2.69	1.7	6.44	.
Kerala	Southern	281,269	20	3.62	1.81	1.8	2.38	-8
Andhra Pradesh	Southern	239,311	25	5.37	2.15	1.7	.	.
Punjab	Northern	201,062	13	3.13	2.41	1.6	.	.
Rajasthan	Northern	167,027	25	8.36	3.34	2.0	.	.
Odisha	Eastern	155,125	21	4.47	2.13	1.8	.	.
West Bengal	Eastern	150,221	42	10.05	2.39	1.6	7.22	.
Madhya Pradesh	Central	141,756	29	8.97	3.09	2.0	7.35	.
Jharkhand	Eastern	106,529	14	4.10	2.93	2.3	.	.
Uttar Pradesh	Central	98,048	80	24.29	3.04	2.4	17.62	+11
Bihar	Eastern	62,204	40	13.23	3.31	3.0	9.95	+10

What each column is

Per-capita NSDP 2023-24 at current prices, 2011-12 series (MoSPI state accounts via api.mospi.gov.in, retrieved 10 October 2026; Haryana, which that table does not carry, from the Economic Survey 2023-24 Statistical Appendix Table 1.11A, as on 15 March 2024); current Lok Sabha seats (543-seat distribution frozen on the 1971 census); population as on 1 March 2026 from the National Commission on Population, 'Population Projections for India and States 2011-2036' (Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections, Registrar General of India), Table 21, converted from thousands to crore; 2011 Census population shown alongside for the comparison; total fertility rate (NFHS-5, 2019-21). 16 states covering about 90% of India's projected 2026 population and 477 of 543 Lok Sabha seats. Region is the state's zonal council under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 (Ministry of Home Affairs).

Representation here is computed on the official 2026 projection. The 2011 census is fifteen years stale and would understate how unequal representation has become. The projection is the government's own and is the best available number, but it is a projection because the 2021 census was postponed and the next enumeration is not due until February 2027. A census would replace it with a count. This project's argument applies here as well, because even measuring the fairness of a vote now depends on an estimate.

Share of devolved taxes. Each state's share of the taxes the Union devolves, as set by the 15th Finance Commission (2021-26) and the 16th Finance Commission (2026-31), out of 100 (Report of the 16th Finance Commission, as tabulated by PRS Legislative Research, 1 February 2026, Table 3). Population share and income per person are read from the states block. Until 10 October 2026 this block carried a 'return per ₹100 of taxes paid' for eight states, estimated by Praveen Chakravarty for the All India Professionals' Congress; no published table behind those ratios could be found, and no government source publishes taxes paid by state, so they were replaced with the Finance Commission's own shares. Shown for the nine states the PRS table covers.

Projected seat change. Projected Lok Sabha seat change after the first census held post-2026 (Carnegie Endowment; ISAS; The India Forum). Available for 4 of the 16 states, and estimates vary considerably between them.