Data › Growth, prices and the budget
India, 2004-2026
Growth, prices and the budget
Output, inflation, the Union's fiscal deficit and the exchange rate, year by year from 2004.
Real GDP growth
22 of the 23 years have a published figure; the others are left empty.
Source and method
Real GDP growth, MoSPI national accounts. Year Y is the fiscal year that starts in April of Y (2014 = 2014-15), the same convention as the World Bank series used for 2004-2013. 2014-2022: the latest MoSPI estimates on the 2011-12 base (2017-18 6.8, 2018-19 6.5, 2019-20 3.9, 2020-21 -5.8, 2021-22 9.7, 2022-23 7.6). 2023-2025: the new series on base 2022-23. MoSPI's release of 27 February 2026 gives 2023-24 7.2 and 2024-25 7.1; the Provisional Estimates of 5 June 2026 give 2025-26 7.7 (7.8% was the fourth quarter alone). MoSPI's API returned 7.3, 7.2 and 7.8 for the same years and is not used; on the old base 2023-24 had been 9.2 and 2024-25 6.5. BASIS BREAK at 2023. 2026 (2026-27) is empty: the first annual estimate is due in January 2027. Quarterly growth for April to June 2026 was 7.8%. The World Bank series for 2004-2013 is on the 2011-12 base.
Consumer price inflation
23 of the 23 years have a published figure; the others are left empty.
Source and method
MoSPI CPI (Combined), calendar-year change in the average index, the World Bank convention (FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG) used for 2004-2013. 2014-2025 on base 2012=100; 2025 is 2.4 on this convention (the mean of the twelve monthly year-on-year prints is 2.2). 2026: the average of the monthly year-on-year prints, because no annual index exists yet published for 2026 (January to August 2026: January 2.74, February 3.21, March 3.4, April 3.48, May 3.93, June 4.38, July 4.45, August 4.82). BASIS BREAK: from the January 2026 print (published 12 Feb 2026) MoSPI moved to a new CPI series on base 2024=100, with weights from HCES 2023-24 and the COICOP 2018 classification, replacing base 2012=100. The 2026 value is on a different basis from the years before it. RBI target band 2-6%.
Union fiscal deficit, share of GDP
22 of the 23 years have a published figure; the others are left empty.
Hollow markers are published estimates or projections, not outturns, and no average uses them: 2026, 4.3%, Budget Estimate for 2026-27 (Union Budget, 1 February 2026).
Source and method
Union Budget documents; central government fiscal deficit as % of GDP, for the fiscal year starting in the year shown (2014 = 2014-15). 2025 is the provisional actual for 2025-26 released by the Controller General of Accounts on 1 June 2026 (Rs 15,19,169 crore, 4.4% of GDP); 2026 has no outturn yet. The Budget Estimate for 2026-27 (4.3, Union Budget of 1 February 2026) is held in the estimates block and drawn as a hollow marker; no average uses it.
Rupees per US dollar
Published from 2014. There is no earlier figure on the same basis, so the two periods cannot be compared on this series.
Source and method
Calendar-year average rupees per US dollar: the mean of the monthly averages in the Federal Reserve's H.10 release (FRED series EXINUS), rounded to the nearest rupee. 2026 is January to September (93.9, shown as 94); 2025 averages 87.2. The record low of 96.8 is the Fed's daily rate for 20 May 2026 (DEXINUS 96.82).